The language of your money.

A strategy allowing deferral of capital gains taxes when selling investment property.

A guideline suggesting 4% annual withdrawal adjusted for inflation is sustainable over 30 years.

A workplace retirement plan allowing pre-tax contributions often with employer matching.

An independent appraisal determining the fair market value of private company stock.

A tax-advantaged savings plan designed for education expenses.

An IRS election allowing option holders to pay taxes on equity at grant rather than vesting.

A secondary residential unit on a single-family lot.

Net credit sales divided by average accounts receivable.

An investor meeting certain income or net worth thresholds for private investments.

An investment approach where managers make specific security selections to outperform benchmarks.

A mortgage with an interest rate that adjusts periodically.

A US-traded security representing foreign company shares.

A legal principle allowing occupation of another's land under certain conditions.

A model where publishers earn commissions for referring customers.

The process of collecting financial data from multiple accounts in one place.

Artificial intelligence systems providing financial guidance and planning.

A measure of an investment's performance relative to a benchmark after adjusting for risk.

The process of paying off a loan through regular payments over time.

A parallel tax system ensuring high-income taxpayers pay a minimum amount of tax.

Additional tax liability that can arise from exercising incentive stock options.

Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.

A high-net-worth individual providing capital for startups in exchange for equity.

Normalized annualized value of subscription revenue.

An insurance product providing guaranteed income typically for retirement.

Provisions protecting investors from dilution in future down rounds.

A set of protocols enabling software applications to communicate.

The ecosystem of interconnected financial services via APIs.

A business model where the API is the primary product offering.

A professional estimate of property value.

The value assigned to property for tax purposes.

The strategy of dividing investments among different asset categories like stocks bonds and cash.

The strategy of placing investments in the most tax-advantaged account types.

A mortgage that can be transferred to a buyer.

The maximum number of shares a company is legally permitted to issue.

A model where businesses sell products or services to other businesses.

A model where businesses sell products or services directly to consumers.

A strategy allowing high-income earners to fund a Roth IRA through a non-deductible traditional IRA contribution.

A mortgage with a large final payment at maturity.

A legal process providing relief from unmanageable debt.

Achieving partial financial independence allowing for lower-paying more fulfilling work.

A person or entity designated to receive assets upon the owner's death.

A measure of an asset's volatility relative to the overall market.

The first and largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization.

Well-established financially sound companies with history of stable performance.

Short-term financing to bridge the gap between transactions.

Land previously used for industrial purposes requiring environmental cleanup.

A real estate investment strategy for building rental portfolios.

Net burn divided by net new ARR.

Freelance Fran

A strategy of holding investments for extended periods regardless of market fluctuations.

A real estate agent representing the buyer's interests.

A standard corporation structure subject to corporate income tax.

The cost associated with acquiring a new customer.

The time required to recover the cost of acquiring a customer.

An option contract giving the holder the right to buy an asset at a specified price.

Net operating income divided by property value; a measure of return.

Ambitious Andy

A request for investors to fund a portion of their committed capital.

A permanent structural improvement that increases property value.

Net operating income divided by property value.

The financial effects of providing care for aging parents or family members.

The share of profits paid to fund managers as compensation.

Days inventory outstanding plus days sales outstanding minus days payables outstanding.

A document tracking income sources and spending categories.

Annual pre-tax cash flow divided by total cash invested.

Replacing a mortgage with a larger one and taking the difference in cash.

A time deposit offered by banks with a fixed interest rate and maturity date.

When a creditor writes off a debt as unlikely to be collected.

Analyzing the financial impact of childcare decisions.

The rate at which users stop using a service.

The percentage of customers who stop using a service over a period.

A provision requiring fund managers to return previously distributed profits.

A vesting structure where no shares vest until a specific date then a portion vests all at once.

Fees and expenses paid at the closing of a real estate transaction.

Any claim or encumbrance affecting title to property.

A form of ownership where residents own shares in a corporation owning the building.

An agreement allowing shareholders to participate in a sale initiated by others.

Having enough invested that without further contributions compounding will fund a traditional retirement.

A legal document that modifies an existing will.

Physical assets purchased as investments including art wine cars and memorabilia.

The process of pursuing payment on overdue debts.

Strategic planning for saving and paying for higher education.

The fee paid to real estate agents typically a percentage of sale price.

The most common form of stock representing ownership in a company.

An estimate of property value based on recent comparable sales.

Interest calculated on both the initial principal and accumulated interest from previous periods.

Excessive exposure to a single stock or asset class within a portfolio.

A form of ownership with individual units and shared common areas.

The tendency to search for interpret favor and recall information that confirms pre-existing beliefs.

A mortgage that meets government-sponsored enterprise guidelines.

A voluntary restriction on land development for conservation purposes.

Combining multiple debts into a single loan often with lower interest.

A short-term loan financing construction of a home.

Companies selling non-essential goods sensitive to economic conditions.

Companies selling essential goods with stable demand.

A condition that must be met for a real estate contract to proceed.

A bond that can be converted into a predetermined number of company shares.

Short-term debt that converts to equity in a future funding round.

An investment approach combining passive core holdings with active satellite positions.

Debt securities issued by corporations offering higher yields than government bonds.

The ability to produce goods or services at lower cost than competitors.

A tax strategy accelerating depreciation deductions for real estate.

Selling call options against shares already owned to generate income.

A numerical representation of creditworthiness based on credit history.

Raising capital from many small investors through online platforms.

Digital or virtual currencies secured by cryptography typically decentralized.

Current assets divided by current liabilities.

Industries whose performance correlates strongly with economic cycles.

Stocks whose performance is closely tied to economic cycles.

User interface design intentionally designed to deceive or manipulate users.

Average accounts payable divided by daily purchases.

Average accounts receivable divided by daily sales.

A debt payoff strategy prioritizing debts with the highest interest rates.

A debt payoff strategy prioritizing debts with the smallest balances.

Total liabilities divided by total assets.

Total liabilities divided by shareholders' equity.

A privately held startup company valued at over $10 billion.

The amount paid out-of-pocket before insurance coverage begins.

A legal document conveying ownership of property.

Voluntarily transferring property to lender to avoid foreclosure.

Industries that maintain demand regardless of economic conditions.

Stocks that tend to remain stable during economic downturns.

Financial services built on blockchain technology without traditional intermediaries.

Financial services built on blockchain without traditional intermediaries.

The tax owed on depreciation claimed when a property is sold.

A digital tool for storing payment information and making electronic transactions.

The reduction in ownership percentage when new shares are issued.

A model where brands sell directly to customers without intermediaries.

Insurance replacing a portion of income if unable to work due to illness or injury.

The tendency to sell assets that have increased in value while holding assets that have declined.

Selling ISO shares before meeting the required holding period losing preferential tax treatment.

A business entity ignored for tax purposes with income reported on owner's return.

The order in which profits are distributed to fund investors and managers.

Spreading investments across different assets to reduce overall portfolio risk.

A distribution of a portion of a company's earnings to shareholders.

Earnings per share divided by dividend per share.

Percentage of earnings paid out as dividends.

Automatically using dividends to purchase additional shares.

Annual dividend per share divided by price per share.

Financial planning specific to the division of assets and rebuilding post-divorce.

Investing a fixed dollar amount at regular intervals regardless of price.

RSUs that vest only after both a time condition and a liquidity event occur.

Rights allowing majority shareholders to force minority shareholders to join a sale.

Committed but not yet called capital in a private fund.

Total monthly debt payments divided by gross monthly income.

A situation where one agent represents both buyer and seller.

The process of investigating a potential investment.

Low-ability individuals overestimating their competence while high-ability individuals underestimate theirs.

A building with two separate residential units.

A power of attorney that remains effective if the principal becomes incapacitated.

A deposit showing a buyer's serious intent to purchase.

A right to use another's property for a specific purpose.

Ambitious Andy

A company's sustainable competitive advantage protecting against competitors.

Total tax paid divided by total taxable income.

The integration of financial services into non-financial applications.

Savings set aside for unexpected expenses typically 3-6 months of expenses.

The right of government to take private property for public use.

A claim or liability attached to property.

Valuing something more highly simply because you own it.

Companies involved in energy production and distribution.

The portion of a property's value owned outright by the owner.

A federal law setting minimum standards for pension and health plans.

A neutral third party holding funds and documents during a transaction.

An investment approach incorporating environmental social and governance criteria.

A program allowing employees to purchase company stock at a discount through payroll deductions.

A federal tax on the transfer of estate assets above an exemption threshold.

Quarterly tax payments required for income not subject to withholding.

A basket of securities that trades on an exchange like a stock typically tracking an index.

Enterprise value divided by earnings before interest taxes depreciation and amortization.

The person named in a will to manage estate distribution.

The predetermined price at which an option holder can purchase company stock.

Additional revenue from existing customers.

An investment approach targeting specific return drivers such as value size or momentum.

The price a property would sell for in an arm's length transaction.

Achieving financial independence with a high-spending comfortable lifestyle.

The federal agency insuring deposits at member banks up to $250

A government-insured mortgage with lower down payment requirements.

A legal obligation to act in the best interest of a client.

A systematic review of all financial accounts and spending patterns.

Having sufficient wealth to cover living expenses without active employment.

Pre-defined user profiles used in Worthune's case studies and scenarios.

Companies involved in banking insurance and investment services.

Technology-enabled financial services and products.

The combination of specialized financial technology tools and services.

Worthune's enhanced glossary providing definitions with context and application.

A movement focused on achieving financial independence and retiring early.

The advantage gained by the first significant entrant in a market.

A real estate strategy involving purchasing renovating and quickly reselling property.

Earnings before fixed charges divided by fixed charges.

A mortgage with an interest rate that remains constant.

Shares available for trading by the public excluding restricted shares.

The legal process where a lender takes ownership of property due to non-payment.

An agreement requiring founders to earn their equity over time.

Splitting ownership of an asset among multiple investors.

A business model where independent operators use a company's brand and systems.

Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures.

Free cash flow per share divided by price per share.

A business model offering basic services for free with paid premium features.

A model offering basic services for free with paid premium features.

Standardized contracts to buy or sell an asset at a future date at a predetermined price.

Applying game-design elements to non-game contexts to increase engagement.

The entity responsible for managing a private investment fund.

A tax on transfers that skip a generation such as to grandchildren.

The process of neighborhood change with influx of wealthier residents and businesses.

A tax on transfers of money or property during one's lifetime.

Key markers along the path to achieving a financial goal.

Financial planning organized around specific life goals rather than generic targets.

Land never previously developed for urban use.

A lease where landlord pays most property expenses.

Revenue minus cost of goods sold divided by revenue.

Total value of merchandise sold through a marketplace.

Property price divided by gross annual rental income.

Revenue retained from existing customers excluding upgrades.

A lease of land only where tenant owns improvements.

Investment in mature companies seeking capital for expansion.

An investment approach focusing on companies with above-average earnings growth.

Stocks expected to grow at above-average rate relative to the market.

A document authorizing someone to make medical decisions on another's behalf.

Companies involved in healthcare products and services.

A privately held startup company valued at over $100 billion.

An investment position intended to offset potential losses in another position.

A revolving line of credit secured by home equity.

The tendency to follow the actions of a larger group often leading to asset bubbles or panic selling.

The practice of protecting historically significant properties.

The most common homeowners insurance policy covering the home on an open-perils basis.

A comprehensive homeowners policy covering both structure and contents on an open-perils basis.

An organization enforcing rules and maintaining common areas in a community.

A professional examination of a property's condition.

A legal provision reducing property taxes on a primary residence.

Living in one unit of a multi-unit property while renting others.

A tax-advantaged account for medical expenses offering tax-deductible contributions tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals.

The minimum return a fund must achieve before the GP receives carried interest.

A model providing virtualized computing resources over the internet.

Investments made with the intention to generate measurable social or environmental impact.

Stocks with above-average dividend yields.

A type of mutual fund or ETF designed to track a specific market index.

Companies involved in industrial production and services.

A narrower classification within a sector.

Development of vacant or underutilized land within existing urban areas.

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises eroding purchasing power.

A measure of a portfolio manager's ability to generate excess returns relative to a benchmark.

Illegally trading securities based on material non-public information.

Non-physical assets that provide competitive advantage.

Operating income divided by interest expense.

A loan where payments cover only interest for a specified period.

Cost of goods sold divided by average inventory.

An agreement outlining investor rights including board seats and information rights.

A trust that cannot be modified or revoked after creation.

Stock options that receive preferential tax treatment if holding requirements are met.

Qualifying expenses that reduce taxable income when they exceed the standard deduction.

A mortgage exceeding conforming loan limits.

A tax form reporting a partner's share of partnership income deductions and credits.

Companies with market capitalization typically above $10 billion.

Achieving financial independence with a minimalist budget.

Worthune's framework for modeling specific financial life events.

Increasing spending as income rises potentially delaying financial goals.

A strategy allowing deferral of capital gains taxes when selling investment property.

An investor in a private fund with limited liability.

Net worth excluding illiquid assets like home equity and retirement accounts.

The right of preferred shareholders to receive proceeds before common shareholders.

How quickly an asset can be converted to cash without significant loss of value.

A document specifying end-of-life medical treatment preferences.

A flexible business structure combining corporate liability protection with partnership tax treatment.

A permanent change to loan terms to make payments more affordable.

Profit from selling assets held for more than one year taxed at preferential rates.

The tendency to prefer avoiding losses over acquiring equivalent gains.

Insurance covering the cost of long-term care services.

The total value a customer brings over their entire relationship with a service.

Customer lifetime value divided by customer acquisition cost.

Investing a large sum of money all at once rather than over time.

New ARR divided by previous quarter's sales and marketing spend.

The annual fee charged by fund managers regardless of performance.

Borrowing money from a broker to purchase securities.

The tax rate applied to the last dollar of income; used for decision-making.

Total value of outstanding shares calculated as price multiplied by shares.

A platform connecting buyers and sellers.

A large-scale residential development with planned amenities.

Companies involved in raw materials extraction and processing.

The largest peak-to-trough decline in an investment's value over a specific period.

A claim against property for unpaid construction or repair work.

Using after-tax 401(k) contributions to fund a Roth account beyond normal contribution limits.

Treating money differently depending on its source or intended use rather than viewing it as fungible.

Companies with market capitalization below $300 million.

Companies with market capitalization between $2 billion and $10 billion.

The tax rate applied to property value expressed per $1

A development combining residential commercial and often retail spaces.

A database used by real estate brokers to share property listings.

An investment approach buying securities with recent strong performance.

A mutual fund investing in short-term low-risk debt securities.

A statistical method for modeling the probability of different outcomes.

Normalized monthly subscription revenue.

A loan used to purchase real estate with the property serving as collateral.

An agreement allowing temporary reduction or suspension of mortgage payments.

Residential property with multiple separate housing units.

Bonds issued by state and local governments with tax-exempt interest.

A professionally managed pool of money from multiple investors invested in diversified assets.

Creating a coherent story from complex facts that may not actually fit together.

A bank operating exclusively online without physical branches.

Net income divided by revenue.

Revenue retained from existing customers including upgrades and downgrades.

Total assets minus total liabilities; a snapshot of financial health.

A document listing assets minus liabilities to calculate net worth.

A competitive advantage where each new user adds value to the network.

A 3.8% tax on investment income for high-income taxpayers.

Stock options taxed as ordinary income upon exercise with no special tax treatment.

The process of guiding new users through initial setup and orientation.

Modeling the financial impact of transitioning from dual to single income.

A system allowing third-party financial apps to access bank data via APIs.

A scheduled time when a property is open for public viewing.

Operating expenses divided by effective gross income.

Operating income divided by revenue.

The potential benefit lost when choosing one alternative over another.

An investment vehicle investing in Qualified Opportunity Zones.

Shares reserved for future employee stock option grants.

Financial derivatives giving the right to buy or sell an asset at a specified price.

Shares currently held by all shareholders including institutional and insiders.

Overestimating one's own abilities knowledge or predictive accuracy.

Current stock price divided by book value per share.

Current stock price divided by earnings per share.

Current stock price divided by revenue per share.

A model providing a platform allowing customers to develop and run applications.

The right to invest in future funding rounds to maintain ownership percentage.

A business structure where income passes through to owners for tax purposes.

An investment approach that tracks market indexes rather than attempting to outperform.

P/E ratio divided by earnings growth rate.

Low-priced speculative stocks typically trading below $5.

A distribution method where inheritance passes to a deceased beneficiary's descendants.

The total monthly mortgage payment including principal interest taxes and insurance.

Insurance required when putting less than 20% down on a home.

Prepaid interest paid to reduce mortgage interest rate.

A period after an IPO during which employees and early investors cannot sell shares.

A legal document authorizing someone to act on another's behalf.

Strategies that lock in financial decisions before temptation arises.

A class of stock with fixed dividends and priority over common stock.

The amount paid for an insurance policy.

The tendency to prioritize immediate gratification over long-term rewards.

Investments in privately held companies not traded on public exchanges.

The legal process of validating a will and distributing estate assets.

A professional who manages rental properties on behalf of owners.

A tax on property ownership based on assessed value.

An option contract giving the holder the right to sell an asset at a specified price.

A 20% deduction for qualified business income from pass-through entities.

A direct transfer from an IRA to charity that counts toward RMD requirements.

An exclusion of up to 100% of capital gains from the sale of qualified small business stock.

Dividends taxed at capital gains rates rather than ordinary income rates.

A program allowing tax benefits for investments in designated low-income communities.

A more stringent investor classification with higher net worth requirements.

Selling ISO shares after meeting the required holding period for favorable tax treatment.

Liquid assets divided by current liabilities.

A legal action to establish clear title to property.

A statistical measure representing the percentage of an investment's movements explained by a benchmark.

A tax status allowing real estate losses to be deducted against ordinary income.

Companies involved in real estate development and ownership.

A structure where multiple investors pool capital to acquire real estate.

A real estate professional who is a member of the National Association of REALTORS.

The process of realigning portfolio weightings to target asset allocation.

Reducing monthly mortgage payments by making a lump sum principal payment.

The tendency to weigh recent events more heavily than earlier events when making decisions.

A standard requiring brokers to act in the best interest of retail customers.

Regulation governing private investment offerings and accredited investor requirements.

A group of investors pooling resources to invest in real estate.

A company that owns operates or finances income-producing real estate.

Analyzing the financial impact of moving to a different city or region.

A list of all tenants and rental income for a property.

Property owned by a lender after an unsuccessful foreclosure auction.

Planning for the financial and lifestyle transition into retirement.

Net income divided by total assets.

Net income divided by shareholders' equity.

Net operating profit after tax divided by invested capital.

Income generated from normal business operations.

A decrease in the number of shares outstanding with a corresponding price increase.

A trust that can be modified or revoked during the grantor's lifetime.

The right to purchase shares before they are offered to outside parties.

An investor's ability and willingness to endure fluctuations in the value of their investments.

Congressionally mandated minimum withdrawals from retirement accounts starting at age 73.

Cautious Carla

A strategy for accessing retirement funds early by converting traditional to Roth over time.

A retirement account offering tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

A promise from an employer to give shares of company stock at a future date subject to vesting.

A rule stating a healthy SaaS company's growth rate plus profit margin should exceed 40%.

Freelance Fran

A corporation electing pass-through taxation avoiding double taxation.

A model where software is licensed on a subscription basis hosted centrally.

Planning and analyzing the financial impact of taking extended time off work.

A convertible instrument allowing investors to purchase equity in a future priced round.

Rules that protect taxpayers from underpayment penalties if certain conditions are met.

The percentage of a retirement portfolio that can be withdrawn annually without depleting it.

Percentage of income saved; a key determinant of time to financial independence.

Worthune's interactive environment for modeling financial scenarios.

A tax form reporting profit or loss from a sole proprietorship.

The tax form used to report income from partnerships S-corps and trusts.

An exclusion allowing up to $250

A grouping of companies operating in similar lines of business.

The first significant round of funding for a startup.

A real estate agent representing the seller's interests.

A retirement plan for self-employed individuals with high contribution limits.

A strategy allowing penalty-free retirement withdrawals before age 59½.

The risk of experiencing negative returns early in retirement when withdrawals are most damaging.

The first major round of venture capital funding.

A later-stage funding round for companies with proven business models.

A funding round for companies preparing for scale or acquisition.

A measure of risk-adjusted return calculated as excess return divided by portfolio volatility.

A sale where proceeds are less than the mortgage balance.

Selling borrowed securities with the intention of buying them back at a lower price.

Profit from selling assets held for one year or less taxed as ordinary income.

The agency protecting securities customers of failed brokerages.

Companies with market capitalization below $2 billion.

An investment approach excluding companies that conflict with personal values.

A 401(k) plan for self-employed individuals with no employees beyond the owner.

A measure of risk-adjusted return that considers only downside volatility.

A tax levied on property to fund specific local improvements.

Cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value typically pegged to fiat currency.

Preparing and furnishing a home to appeal to potential buyers.

A fixed dollar amount reducing taxable income for those who don't itemize.

A statistical measure of investment return dispersion indicating risk.

A preference for the current state of affairs where change is perceived as a loss.

The adjustment of an inherited asset's cost basis to its value at the owner's death.

An increase in the number of shares outstanding with a corresponding price decrease.

A business model charging recurring fees for ongoing access to a service.

A business model charging recurring fees for ongoing access to a service.

A standard requiring recommendations to be suitable for a client's situation.

The tendency to continue an endeavor once an investment has been made when rational decision would suggest otherwise.

A professional measurement of property boundaries.

A derivative contract where two parties exchange cash flows or liabilities.

Value contributed through effort rather than cash investment.

Costs incurred by customers when changing from one provider to another.

An active strategy that adjusts asset allocation based on market conditions.

Rights allowing minority shareholders to join a sale by majority shareholders.

Marketplace revenue divided by gross merchandise volume.

A fund that automatically adjusts asset allocation based on a target retirement date.

A claim against property for unpaid property taxes.

Strategic financial decisions aimed at minimizing tax liability.

The strategy of withdrawing from accounts in an order that minimizes tax liability.

Selling investments at a loss to offset capital gains tax liability.

Companies involved in technology products and services.

Companies providing telecommunications services.

Life insurance providing coverage for a specified term with no cash value.

A non-binding document outlining the terms of a proposed investment.

The concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its earning potential.

Treasury bonds that adjust principal based on inflation.

Legal evidence of ownership in property.

Insurance protecting against defects in property title.

The process of converting asset ownership into digital tokens on a blockchain.

A single-family attached home with multiple floors.

A retirement account offering tax-deductible contributions with tax-deferred growth.

Development focused around public transportation hubs.

Debt securities issued by the U.S. government considered virtually risk-free.

Shares that were issued and subsequently repurchased by the company.

A measure of risk-adjusted return using beta as the risk denominator.

A lease where tenant pays taxes insurance and maintenance.

A legal arrangement where a trustee holds assets for beneficiaries.

The cost of preparing a unit for a new tenant.

Additional liability insurance beyond standard auto and home policies.

A privately held startup company valued at over $1 billion.

Permanent life insurance with flexible premiums and adjustable death benefit.

A government-backed mortgage for rural and suburban homebuyers.

Companies providing essential utility services like electricity and water.

Credit card balances divided by credit limits; lower is better.

A mortgage program for veterans and active-duty military members.

The percentage of rental units that are vacant.

Ambitious Andy

A statistical measure of the maximum potential loss over a specific time period with a given confidence level.

An investment approach seeking securities trading below their intrinsic value.

Stocks trading below their intrinsic value based on fundamentals.

Permission to deviate from zoning requirements.

Investment in early-stage high-potential companies.

An investor providing capital to early-stage high-potential companies.

The timeline over which equity compensation becomes owned by the employee.

The year a private fund begins making investments.

A derivative giving the holder the right to purchase company stock at a specific price.

IRS rule disallowing a tax deduction if substantially identical securities are bought within 30 days.

The difference between current wealth and wealth needed to achieve goals.

Financial planning for wedding costs and their impact on other goals.

The process of exploring alternative financial decisions through interactive models.

A model where a product is produced by one company and rebranded by another.

Permanent life insurance with a savings component and level premiums.

A strategy where an investor contracts a property and assigns it to another buyer.

A legal document directing how assets are distributed after death.

Strategic planning for managing a large unexpected financial gain.

Current assets minus current liabilities.

A composite measure of financial health across multiple dimensions.

Government regulations governing land and property use.